Gender Equity in Math and Science Essay - 2572 Words

Gender Equity in Math and Science From the research I have read while there is a disagreement on when and how much of a gender gap exists in math and science, there is definitely an equity issue that needs addressing. There seems to be an abundance of information about equity issues and as a future teacher I feel that it is important to examine these issues. If gender equity issues exist in todays’ classrooms why do they and what can be done to help correct it. Everything Ive read so far states that a gender gap exists in science, while opinions about math vary. I found a paper on the Internet from the National Center for Education Statistics called â€Å"Trends In Educational Equity of Girls Women.† Using information†¦show more content†¦However, the National Center for Education Statistics (2000) reports that females are now doing as well or better than males in school and college and the gender gaps that have existed in most cases have been eliminated. From looking at the graphs p resented in the NCES report if there is a differences in males and females scores the difference was very slight. This leads me to question how big a gender gap actually exists. The NCES report (2000) on science is a little different. It reports that between 1973 and 1994 nine to thirteen year old females were more likely to score lower than males and that seventeen year old females always scored lower. In the early grades girls and boys are equally as interested in science and math as boys and their achievement is comparable, it is in middle school when girls begin to fall behind (M. Sadker, D. Sadker, and Stulberg, 1999). In every article I read there is agreement that there is a gender gap in science and I am convinced that one exists. Why do these gender gaps exist? Researchers believe that cultural and social factors, as well as educational, and attitudinal factors contribute to this gap. Cultural beliefs that boys excel in math and science and that girls excel in the arts can be passed down through generations and adults who may not even realize it are acting on these beliefs (Sanders, 1997). â€Å"Subtle and unintended messages can create the idea among girls and boys that there are fieldsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gender Equity in Education1632 Words   |  7 PagesGender Equity in Education Gender equity issues in mathematics and science have been the focus of many educators and researchers for years. Women have often been denied an equal education in math and science for many reasons. Parents and teachers must realize this fact and change their habits wherever necessary. Girls must be given the same opportunity as boys from the beginning, particularly in math and science where girls tend to lag behind. First of all, the term gender equityRead More Reflective Research Paper1619 Words   |  7 Pages Gender biases are a problem in many schools and gender equity has been used to help remove those biases. Equity refers to having equal expectations and treating students of different sexes and cultural backgrounds equally. Gender biases have been a problem in education for years. In the past boys and girls have had different expectations when it comes to education. Boys have generally been taught to take leadership roles and girls to take more passive roles. In recent years gender equityRead More Reflective Research Paper1164 Words   |  5 Pagesreflective research paper to objective # 1 because it made me examine my personal belief and attitude on gender equity issues. I did not realize that gender equity existed at the level that it does until researching the topic. Doing the research made me realize that the way we teach directly affects how children learn in every aspect. Gender inequities in the fields of math and science are well researched and the results are shocking. Women compromise 45% of the work force, they hold jobsRead More Gender Equity Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesGender Equity Are male students and female student’s receiving the same opportunities when it comes to Math and Science in the schools? I don’t believe they are. This is why gender equity is a major problem facing our schools today. Many girls are having very negative attitudes towards Math and Science. Through doing research on this topic I found out why. In the article How Research Helps Address Gender Equity, a very shocking and eye opening thing was written. I learnedRead MoreEssay about Encouraging Girls in Math and Science1599 Words   |  7 PagesEncouraging Girls in Math and Science An ideal classroom in an elementary school would allow both boys and girls to learn fairly, equally, and also be encouraged to be involved in the classroom. The teacher would expect the same effort from the boys as well as the girls. The teacher would implement a respectful atmosphere where the teacher as well as the students would respect one another. The reality is that girls quickly become discouraged to pursue math and/or science related careersRead MoreEssay on Gender Bias in the Classroom1589 Words   |  7 PagesGender Bias in the Classroom RESEARCH IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND THEORIES OF LEARNING Gender inequity is not only learned and accepted in the socialization process that starts at home, but is also present in the school environment form the very early years. Parents and teachers consciously or unconsciously reinforce sex stereotypes. In 1992 Olivares and Rosenthals research findings examined three areas: Read MoreThe Issues Within Public Education Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagesunequal gender bias. Gender bias in education is typically thought of the fact that girls are pushed toward classes that are humanities based, while the boys are pushed to take classes that are science and math driven. This then leads into the fact that women make less money than men, so something must be unequal, whether it is education or gender rights, or both. This paper will examine the gender gap in K-12 education, which includes stereotyping and the unequal representation of boys in math and scienceRead More Equity in the Classroom Essay821 Words   |  4 PagesEquity in the Classroom The concerns regarding equity issues in math and science may seem minimal, but in reality are very large. Usually unintentionally, teachers pay more attention, and give more positive attention to boys in their classrooms. This is especially noticed in the areas of math and science. â€Å"Girls are equal to or ahead of boys in achievement† (Sadker, 1993, p. 67) in the early stages of schooling. So why do boys seem to do so much better in math and science in the later schoolRead MoreEssay about Gender Equity in Education3139 Words   |  13 Pages Gender equity in terms of education is about the socialization of men and women and the results of this process on the life outcomes of the two genders (Husen Postlethwaite, 1994). In the United States, the education system is required to treat males and females equally. There has been much research done to compare the genders in all areas. In the past, research has found that women fall far behind men in many areas such as math, and science, but men lag behind women in certain areas as wellRead MoreEffectiveness Of Experiential Learning Using The Workshop Activity For Gender Equity Simulation1008 Words   |  5 PagesActivity for Gender Equity Simulation – Academic version (WAGES-Academic) to deliver gender inequity information† (Zawadzki, Danube, Shields, 2012, P.605). Researchers formed a quantitative study by comparing the â€Å"WAGES-Academic to an Information Only condition (knowledge without experiential learning) and a Group Activity control condition† (Zawadzki et al., 2012, P.605). For the methods of the research, â€Å"at baseline, 1249 undergraduates from the pool (705 women, 529 men, 15 gender unspecified)

Public Relations and Organizational Listening

Question: Discuss about the Public Relations and Organizational Listening. Answer: Introduction This essay will focus on two major elements prevailing in any business or in any organization i.e. public relations and organizational listening. From the aspect of renowned theorist Grunig, the essay will highlight the two way symmetric mode, role of social media and ethical public relations. Later on the essay will emphasize on the importance of organizational culture in present scenario. From the view point of famous theorist Macnamara, the essay will try to make understand notions like stakeholders voice, role of social media and significance of organizational listening. Public Relations A renowned theorist, James E. Grunig, developed 4 models of PR which includes two-way symmetrical, two-way asymmetrical, public information and press agentry. These models were introduced by Grunig for understanding and explaining the conduct of practitioners of public relations (Grunig and Hunt, 198). The people of public relations had researched and pay attention to publics for determining that in what best possible way to change their conduct so that the organization get maximum benefit out of it. It serves the function of the organization which efforts to balance the publics interests with the interest of the organization. These models, particularly the two-way symmetrical model comprises of debated elements of Excellence theory which includes tactics, ethical, symmetrical, strategic and managerial values in decision making (Grunig, 1992). According to Grunig, the two-way communication can be use by the professionals of public relations with influence of social media to inform publics and organizations as the focus of the two-way symmetrical model is on mutual understanding, reciprocity and community exchange (Grunig, 1983). The two-way symmetrical model tries to morally stable the interest of the institution and its publics. Two-way communication and research is used for managing the conflicts and as an outcome, the two-way symmetrical model produces associations for a much longer period in comparison with the other three models. For creating support and building associations there is an extensive need of transparency and trust. The ethical characteristics of public relations are significant in relation with the organizations credibility. The two-way symmetric model of Grunig highlights the importance of social media on the dialogue communication. Social media as well as ethical public relations exchanges information that supports the notion that maintaining ethical public relations guarantees the success of an organization. Grunig suggest that symmetric communication is a way to inspire the organizations to implement ethics and finest practice within the public relations. The ethical public relations practice encourages people to give their consent on the way organization think and just consider feedback in relation with the strategies of communication. The ethical practice will consequently result in improved reliability, social responsibility and building of community between the stakeholders (Grunig, 1993). Grunig has mentioned various benefits of two-way communication in the public relation practice or of the linkages with publics such as it helps in facilitating the decision making of the organization in a symmetric and balanced way. There is a notion of symmetry by Grunig that organizations are able to accomplish more number of their long term objectives and goals if they integrate some of their goals with the wants of publics, it means that the management involves in a continuous association of give and take with the public. It has been stated by Grunig that the two-way symmetrical model of communication is intrinsically ethical. He further explains that symmetric communication avoids the issues related to ethical relativism as it describes ethics as a course of public relation instead of a result (Grunig, 2001). In reference with GTA, there is a well recognized case of Star City, the PR Company and Astral, a dining restaurant. As a sound PR initiative, Star City launched a campaign to make Astral one of the finest and superior dining restaurant of Sydney. The outcomes of the PR campaign were augmented visitation, rave reviews and extensive publicity. At the AHA Awards for Excellence, the head Chef of Astral was facilitated with the title 2006 Chef of the Year. In the campaign the views of public were taken into consideration that what they want Astral should be, the restaurants critics were approached to have the best ideas. Existing customers were focused, media was involved to communicate in a wider group, a re-launch event was organized, dinners with key media persons to introduce them to the new look of Astral, organized a staff event and other various activities to attract customers. This is how Astral achieve huge success and recognition by adopting two-way communication by involving v iews and feedbacks of public, staff and social media. (GTA Astral, 2006). What about the notion of organisational listening (Macnamara, 2013; 2014) that questions ability and willingness of organisations to embed stakeholder views with organisational practices? Organisational listening questions the extent organisations use information/feedback gathered from their stakeholders, in this case, the social media. Organizational Listening Organizational listening can be understood as an arrangement or mixture of the listening skills of the workforce and the surrounding in which listening takes place, which is formed by an organization and later on it is considered as one of the feature of the image of an organization. Organizational listening includes various things which are incorporated by the organization such as practices, technologies, skills, resources, processes, structure, policies and the culture (Macnamara, 2014).These are implemented for giving response, consideration, understanding, interpretation, attention, acknowledgement and recognition to public and the stakeholders. It is of great significance in the modern and developed societies, mainly in the democratic societies where stake seekers, stakeholders, shareholders, members, employees, customers and citizens have to transact with private and public sector organization on a daily basis (Cooper and Husband, 1993). Organizational listening subjects the wi llingness and ability of the organizations to consider and implant the stakeholder opinions within the practices of organization as the disarticulation of the stakeholders and publics voice is a general issue which majorly arises at various segments. There are number of reasons which causes this disarticulation such as a culture where some individuals are not accepted or acknowledged as encompassing a voice which must be listened to, fear or threat of presenting negative viewpoints or criticism towards the higher authorities among the staff of the organization and dismissal and ignorance by the senior managers (Macnamara, 2014). Organizational listening must mold the organizational practices in such a manner that there develops a culture of organizational listening. There are few vital requirements which are necessary to get fulfilled such as there should be development of research methodologies for measuring the listening capacity of an organization and these metrics must be incorporated and applied both the time i.e. before pursuing the strategy and after pursuing the strategy and throughout any major act (Stein, 1994). Secondly there must be identification and activation of channels for facilitating organizational listening. The stakeholders groups which are affecting by the implementation of the organizational strategy must be identified both in present scenario and in upcoming future. The expectations and the requirements of the stakeholders groups must be recognized and must be in consideration while planning the organizational strategy and before incorporating any act. If in any case, the expectations of the stakeholders are not met, then the organization must provide the stakeholders with sound and reliable reasons for that. There must be provided a conformity or proof to the stakeholders that whatever actions taken by the organization are in lieu of the strategy to be implemented and there must be a time to time evaluation of the efficacy and success of organizational listening (Macnamara, 2013). In most of the functions which are held within organization and are communication oriented, at that place social media is viewed with and taken as great enthusiasm as it is appeared to be quickly closing in on consumer associations as the primary and key form of interaction between the public and the organization. It is also making it tough for the formal research as now it is considered as the primary means of having intelligence, insights and feedbacks. Indeed, in present time individuals regards social media as the free as well as real time research. The organizations does not emphasis much on the feedbacks provided by the social media and the stake holders, the notion of organizational listening questions this conduct of the organizations as in todays time, the feedbacks or information given by the social media is of much importance as they can alter the image of an organization by its high connectivity the public as well as with the stakeholders. Social media has given outcomes by changing the expectations associated with response time, which was producing high pressure over the systems and the resources in number of organizations (Macnamara, 2014). There are various benefits which are associated with efficient ethical listening such as the improved and augmented trust in the government, it leads to political stability, upsurge participation and involvement in civil society and politics and as a result it leads to increased impartial representation, effective making of policies as well as decrease number of crisis because of the identification of early warnings and insights. Effective listening can provide sustainability to the business in various ways such as winning strategy by implementing emergent strategy which is an outcome of having an interaction with the environment of the organization and the stakeholders instead of top down the strategy which is internally developed. It also assists in increasing employee loyalty, motivation and engagement and thus builds a social business or social organization. An improved and effective organizational listening also contributes in avoidance of crisis, reduced disputation, increased productivity, decreased staff turnover and customer retention (Macnamara, 2014). In reference with GTA, there is a well recognized case of Text100, the PR Company and Cisco. As a sound PR initiative, Text100 integrated a five-week time frame as per which there should be creation of a buzz, excitement and awareness in Australia regarding the product of Cisco. The main focus of the campaign was on youth who love entertainment, sport and music. Razor was chosen as the digital partner for Ciscos flip video. There were various elements of the campaign such as a press release programme was launched by which all the announcements related to PR were directly communicated to the stakeholder of Cisco through press release, a social media programme by which strong brand awareness mouth publicity was taken place and many other various programs took place in that five week time frame. As a result of such effective PR initiatives, Cisco was able to create a buzz for its product and was able to capture the market efficiently (GTA CISCO, 2010). Conclusion In present scenario, the need of effective and sound PR is as similar as the need for resources to start any business. The public relations practice is required to be ethical so that no issues can be developed regarding that. The involvement of social media in both organizational listening and public relations is high as they are one of the strongest channel for communicating the views and opinions. The involvement of public and to take care of the stakeholders interest is also necessary so that they can give their consent towards any organizational change or strategy. Founded in 1976, GTA have acknowledged brilliance in public relations for last 40 years. Golden Target Awards rejoice the accomplishments of the associates of PRIA i.e. Public Relations Institute of Australia and recognize exciting and innovative communications programs and public relations. Golden Target Awards facilitate the organizations who have put huge efforts in maintain considerable and better public relations with the public as the organization working on ethical grounds and maintain public relations are recognized by the GTA as well as awarded for their ethical approach towards public relations (PRIA, 2016). Golden Target Awards recognize and acknowledge the organization for their efforts to maintain a healthy relation with the investors and also community relations. In this essay two examples in reference with GTA which shows that how effectively GTA recognize the efforts of PR companies such as Star City and Text100 as how effectively they have managed the campaigns and achieved huge recognitions. References: Cooper, L.O. and Husband, R.L., 1993. Developing a model of organizational listening competency.International Listening Association. Journal,7(1), pp.6-34. Grunig, J.E. 2001, Two-way symmetrical public relations: past, present, and future in R.L. Heath (ed.), Handbook of Public Relations, Sage Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks, London New Delhi, pp. 11-30. Grunig, J.E. and Hunt, T., 1984.Managing public relations(Vol. 343). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Grunig, J.E., 1983. Organizations, Environments, and Models of Public Relations. Grunig, J.E., 1992.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Grunig, J.E., 1993. Public relations and international affairs: Effects, ethics and responsibility.Journal of International Affairs, pp.137-162. GTA Astral, 2006. Austral is Reborn" - Relaunch of Austral Restaurant, Accessed on: 23rd August 2016, Accessed from: https://www.lib.uts.edu.au.ezproxy.lib.uts.edu.au/gta/14064/austral-reborn-relaunch-austral-restaurant GTA CISCO, 2010. Building Buzz at High Speed, Accessed on: 23rd August 2016, Accessed from: https://www.lib.uts.edu.au.ezproxy.lib.uts.edu.au/gta/14596/building-buzz-high-speed Macnamara, J. 2014, Organizational listening: A vital missing element in public communication and the public sphere, Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, vol.15, no.1. Macnamara, J., 2013. Beyond voice: audience-making and the work and architecture of listening as new media literacies.Continuum,27(1), pp.160-175. PRIA, 2016. Celebrating 40 Years of Recognising Excellence in Public Relations, Accessed on: 23rd August 2016, Accessed from: https://www.pria.com.au/eventsawards/golden-target-awards Stein, H.F., 1994.Listening deeply: An approach to understanding and consulting in organizational culture. Westview Press.

mythology Research Paper Example

mythology Paper The role of women in ancient Greek life was insignificant compared to that of Greek men. A womans Job was to take care of the children and to cook and clean unless she had servants or slaves that would do it for her. Yet, in Greek mythology, women were often written as major characters. Well-known Greek plays contain many well- written, complex, female characters. Female individuals in Greek mythology were often seen as very powerful and fierce Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the ature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. It was a part of the religion in ancient Greece. Modern scholars refer to and study the myths in an attempt to throw light on the religious and political institutions of Ancient Greece and its civilization, and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself. l] Greek mythology is explicitly embodied in a large collection of narratives, and implicitly in Greek representational arts, such as vase-paintings and votive gifts. Greek myth attempts to explain the origins of the world, and details the lives and dventures of a wide variety of gods, goddesses, heroes, heroines, and mythological creatures. These accounts initially were disseminated in an oral-poetic tradition; today the Gre ek myths are known primarily from Greek literature. We will write a custom essay sample on mythology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on mythology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on mythology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The oldest known Greek literary sources, Homers epic poems Iliad and Odyssey, focus on the Trojan War and its aftermath. Two poems by Homers near contemporary Hesiod, the Theogony and the Works and Days, contain accounts of the genesis of the world, the succession of divine rulers, the succession of human ages, the origin of human woes, and the origin of sacrificial practices. Myths are also preserved in the Homeric Hymns, in fragments of epic poems of the Epic Cycle, in lyric poems, in the works of the tragedians of the fifth century BC, in writings of scholars and poets of the Hellenistic Age, and in texts from the time of the Roman Empire by writers such as Plutarch and Pausanias. Archaeological findings provide a principal source of detail about Greek mythology, with gods and heroes featured prominently in the decoration of many artifacts. Geometric designs on pottery of the eighth century BC depict scenes from the Trojan ycle as well as the adventures of Heracles. In the succeeding Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods, Homeric and various other mythological scenes appear, supplementing the existing literary evidence. [2] Greek mythology has had an extensive influence on the culture, arts, and literature of Western civilization and remains part of Western heritage and language. Poets and artists from ancient times to the present have derived inspiration from Greek mythology and have discovered contemporary significance and relevance in the themes. [3] mythology By monicalhouston

Norway essays

Norway essays People around the world have many different views on what is considered proper etiquette. If one decides to do business without being informed of the customs and etiquette of the area, there is a slim chance that their business dealings will work out. When a representative is sent to another country, the representative is not only representing their business but also their country and themselves. To make sure you leave a good impression, when doing business with another country, one must be well informed on the area, culture, and business practices of that country. If you are a representative sent to Norway, first you should know a little about the area. Norway occupies the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula and shares borders with Sweden, Finland and Russia. Norway has a long coastline and a mountainous interior that is blanketed by some of Europes largest glaciers. Over 500 sq km of Norway lies north of the Arctic Circle, but the countrys western coast usually remains ice free year-round due to the warm waters of the Gulf Stream. The country is at its best and brightest from May to September, and at its worst between November and March when average temperatures are below freezing. Midnight-sun days are days when the sun never drops below the horizon; these days extend from May 13 to July 29 at Nordkapp in the far north and from May 28 to July 14 in the Lofoten Islands. Southern Norway has daylight from 4 am to 11 pm in midsummer. On the other hand, the sun does not rise in the north from the end of November to the end of Jan uary. Knowing this you can plan what to wear. Secondly, you should know about the business dealings and economy of the area. Norway is a wealthy country with extensive offshore oil and gas reserves and traditional industries based on natural resources such as timber, aluminum, fishing, farming, and shipping. The country is almost self sufficient in hydroelectric power and e...

Algorithm for Robot Navigation Without Collisions

Algorithm for Robot Navigation Without Collisions ALGORITHM FOR ROBOT NAVIGATION AT ENVIRONMENT WITHOUT COLLISION Â   ALGORITHM REPRESENTATION FOR NAVIGATION OF MOBILE ROBOT WITHOUT OBSTACLE COLLISON Mobile robot It is a kind of robot that has the ability to travel Relative to the environment (i.e. locomotion), and one of the actuators of the robot is the locomotive system This chapter of my bachelor thesis is to develop algorithms that will help the autonomous mobile robot in visual navigation. g the robot. Then, the robot tries to understand their environment to extract data from a sequence of image data, in this case, optical, and then uses this information as a guide for the movement. The strategy adopted to avoid collisions with obstacles during movement – a balance between the right and left optical flow vectors. An integral part of any navigation scheme is the desire to reach a destination and do not get lost or bump into any of the objects. There may be other restrictions on a given route, such as speed limits or zo nes of uncertainty, where in theory, of course, can pave the path, but not desirable. Often, the way is to move the robot autonomously planned, ie on the basis of previous input and without interference in real time. It can work effectively, but only on condition that the environment is perfectly known and does not change and the robot can travel on the route perfectly. However, in the real world everything is much more complicated. Note that navigation will include: Location of robot Environment perception and his model Methods of traffic planning Robot motion control algorithms The problem of mobile robot navigation is a very complex issue characteristic at both ends. The implementation of tasks by moving a mobile robot requires obtaining information about the surrounding-limiting environment – hence the importance of having AD sensory system that allows the observation of the environment and its perception, For this purpose, both simple rangefinder systems and co ntact sensors, which correspond with collision detection. Using a constant speed of 4m/s for the algorithm and a step size of 0.125m which was obtained by the multiplication of the speed by interval in which information is received. = 0.125m. The algorithm is given below. Set iteration values K equals K =1. Tolerance factor ÃŽ ´ Using the following sequence inside the loop for K Evaluating Hessian and the gradient and also checking for positive definite of hessian matric Determine Newton Direction Normalize Newton Direction Determine step size Determine new point If || ΔT||< ÃŽ ´, if not set K=1 And repeat step 2.otherwise terminate But considering the above algorithm it’s still going to encounter some problems. For example saw tooth pattern that occurs at the along the path, shown below: Saw-tooth pattern Saw-tooth happens due to fixed step size at some point in the navigation of the mobile robot reduction in step size is necessary which also means reduction in the speed of the robot . The reason for this effect is because the present point of the robot is not always the best point possible. Meaning that point after that will guide the path back, resulting in a saw=tooth pattern zig -zagging along the path. The reason this problem occurs is because the robot has a constant speed.

The concepts of supply chains and distribution channels Essay

The concepts of supply chains and distribution channels - Essay Example However, initially, the concepts and practices were not clearly spelt out as it is now. Most of the activities were carried out in an ad hoc manner (Lavassani, Movahedi, & Kumar, 2009, pp. 85–98). Integration of distribution and warehousing (logistics) The concept of supply chain in the company has evolved over time. Most of the segments of supply chain were loosely interconnected. However, as the company developed it had to integrate the logistics, distribution and warehousing together to take advantage of efficiency that supply chains provided. When the company realized that, it had to upgrade its operations due to efficiency brought about by the integration. The company decided to merge the two concepts to form logistics. This made the border between warehousing and distribution became transparent. However, the two ends were still loose, and the management tries to consider making the links stronger and increased the level of resource sharing. This was also coupled with red uced costs and time to market. This was the beginning of evolution in the company (Mentzer, et al, 2001, pp. 1–25) Integration if logistics with production and purchasing The company later decided to optimize the advantages of integration. The company integrated purchasing, distribution, warehousing, and production. The concept worked out right, and the saving was exceedingly. The four functions were integrated, and the core activities under each concept were conducted under the same roof. This was the birth of supply chain in this company. The company managed to align the separate function in the sequence bellow:    Leveraging lean and agile The concept made the company too agile. This is one thing the company has been searching for, the supply chain concept provided the agility required by the company and the company optimized its supply chain concept and leveraged its production to achieve the required competitive age. However, this conceit is long overdue in the company . This has also contributed to the company profitability as the company became more agile. The demanding market and growing competition made the company more profitable due to its agility. The comment managed to increase its product lines and categories (Larson, &, Halldorsson, 2004, pp. 17-31). According the to Kouvelis, Chambers, &, Wang, (2006, pp. 449–469), the volatile and less predictable market just made competition better, and visibility of the company amidst the masses was achieved through agility and leanness Lean concept The modern SCM in companies must be lean; the concepts of leanness help the company to hold the required stock only and assets that can slow down the response time and increase cost are shed. These concepts offer sufficient service levels that can meet growing demand in companies. As a product portfolio, companies must know how to valance between lean and agile. By fine tuning, this company achieves an optimal product portfolio. The different produ ction, which is in the company portfolio, must be treated accordingly (Movahedi, Lavassani, &, Kumar, 2009, pp. 75–88). characteristics of a contemporary Supply Chain concept Lean: The company aims at forecasting at the generic level Economic order Quantities Maximized efficiencies Agile: Demand driven operations effectively Localized Configuration Maximized effectiveness   Then backbone of stable agile and lean supply chain is operations efficiency that brings about6 sustainable competitive advantage. This is based on the supply chain concept that offers a sufficient service level in the face of growing demand   (2) Identify and describe the supply chain and distribution channels

Asthma Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Asthma - Research Paper Example In the US childhood incidence had increases fro 3% to 9% since 1980. Among different ethnic groups in the US, Puerto Ricans have the highest incidence of asthma. African Americans also have a high incidence of this disease. Irish Americans and Hawaiians also have a high incidence of asthma. The lowest incidence is found in the Mexican population. Although the incidence of pediatric asthma is higher in males than in females, the occurrence of this disease is much higher in adult females, who are twice as likely to die of this disease as males. Moreover, the incidence of asthma is higher in lower socioeconomic groups who reside in urban centers. There are two primary forms of this disease: acute and chronic. The acute form of the disease is characterized by the occurrence of in worsening symptoms and unstable bronchial function. The chronic form of the disease is a stable, non-progressing condition (Adam 10). Many patients with asthma vary over time between the two disease states. Asthma can be distinguished from several other major forms of lung disease by means of differential diagnosis. Unlike emphysema which affects the structure and function of the alveoli, the primary site of gaseous exchange in the lung, asthma affects the airways or conductance passage that transport air between the lung tissue and the external opening of the body. Likewise, COPD is an irreversible deterioration of the primary lung tissue; in contrast at the inflammatory manifestations of asthma are reversible (Adam 20-23). Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disorder characterized by inflammation of the major airways of the lungs and has a complex etiology. The recurring inflammatory episodes result in hyper-responsiveness of airway vessels that causes tissue swelling with many physiological consequences (Adam 44). These episodes cause symptoms of wheezing, tightness of the chest, coughing and restricted airflow that result in