The Relationship between Math and Music Essay - 2505 Words

INTRODUCTION Mathematics refers to numbers and calculations, often dealing with magnitudes, figures and quantities expressed symbolically. On the other hand, music is an art of sound through the use of harmonies, rhythm and melodies. Although these two subjects are in contrast to each other, as mathematics is often unpopular to most people for its difficulty and music is easily likeable for its pleasantness, experts have uncovered a strong connection between the two topics. The connection between mathematics and music is held through the concepts of numbers, patterns, and ratios. Through these mathematical concepts, many music theories were developed. Great mathematicians like Pythagoras, also a renowned music lover, applied†¦show more content†¦1. Applying Math to Music Math and music can both aid each other through different means. Math was first applied to music by harmony, tones and tunings constructed by the Ancient Greeks. In the Greek era, music was regarded as a mathematical discipline. In other words, music was the science of sound. The Greeks were also the one who discovered that notes of the same base frequency sound most pleasant to the ear. For example a 100Hz tone sounds pleasant when combined with a 200Hz, 300Hz, 400Hz and 500Hz frequency. The most important ratio of frequency became 1:2, where we developed the idea of octaves. Even here, we can easily see how we can apply the concepts of ratio and use them to combine harmonic tones that go well when played with each other. It was based on the Greeks’ studies that later on, famous musicians made use of not only tones of the same base frequencies, but also tones of frequencies that have developed patterns. One very amusing mathematical concept is the Fibonacci sequence (1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 13, 21, 34†¦) where the first two elements of the set are both 1, and the succeeding number is obtained by the sum of the two preceding numbers. The ratio of two adjacent numbers is what we call the Golden Ratio which is approximately 0.61803398.... Apart from this, the golden ratio is also what weShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Math And Music1001 Words   |  5 Pageswondered why music doesn’t get in the way when you do math homework? It’s because the harmonics in math and music go in a geometric pattern and so on, let me simple it down for you in this paper. In paper will discuss about the relationships between math and music, the reasons music is better when doing math, what type of music uses math, and what types of math has the most connection to music. What kinds of relationships does math have to music? The relations between math and music are likeRead MoreMath Music Theory850 Words   |  4 PagesMathematics and Music Theory In the study of mathematics, at first glance it seems clear that mathematics is cut and dry, black and white, completely numerical. But in many ways, mathematics extends into other areas of life. While some people may think of mathematics and art as being two separate entities, Math is very present in many artistic endeavors. Music, commonly referred to as an art, would not be possible without the relationship it shares with mathematics. In many different ways, math is an importantRead MoreMathematics and its Relation with Music and its Harmonics766 Words   |  3 Pageshave manipulated the standard aspects of music, which include rhythm and melody. More importantly, many musical compositions have incorporated complex math within, for examples again, melodies and rhythms that create a uniqueness that has yet to be perfectly matched by other composers. One other key aspect of music in general, harmony, is where a fairly complex mathematical formula is involved: the harmonic mean. Because harmony is a major component of music, it is no surprise that this harmonic meanRead MoreIs Beauty A Mathematical And Non Mathematical Context?1652 Words   |  7 Pageswas related to music. For this report, the main topic will be ‘Frequency, Pitch and Harmony’; this report will explain the maths behind this, how sound waves are connected, Pythagoras and his involvement and a brief history of maths and its link with music. 2. The Maths Behind The Music 2.1 What is music? Some consider defining the word ‘music’ quite hard, since many people have different opinions on what ‘music’ is. Personally I consider music a combinationRead MoreMathematical and Musical Harmony1308 Words   |  6 Pagesto be to be strictly rational, abstract, cold and soulless. Music, however, is involved with emotion, with feelings, and with life. It exists in all daily routines. Everyone has sung a song, pressed a key on a piano, or blown into a flute, and therefore, in some sense, made music. People can easily interact with it. Music is a way of expression and a part of everyone’s existence. The incentive for investigating the connections between these two apparent opposites therefore is in the least obviousRead MoreMusic Lessons Improve Life Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagessongs, all the way down to slow, peaceful, or gloomy songs. Music can make people calm and relaxed, and also get them pumped up and full of energy. The piano produces music that is different from every other instrument. It has a wide range of sound going from low to high and from soft to loud. Put those sounds in combinations and it could produce music. The piano has a large range of music’s available that most everyone is able to find music that they would like. There are also people who play thatRead MoreSports vs Performing Arts1498 Words   |  6 Pagesperforming arts. Music education being the right of all children it must be taught in appropriate ways suggested by the geographical cultural and social environment (3). And yes, that is true. Every child should have the write to experience. Every person, in every culture is introduced to some form of music. Whether a person lives in Asia, Africa, Italy, or the USA. That person is introduced to the kind of music in that culture. But scientists have said time after time that Music lessons appearRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Music Education1002 Words   |  5 Pageschildren wanting to play outside instead of practice violin music is proven to make you smarter. When a child particularly at a young age learns how to play an instrument preferably in a social setting is provides the brain of that child with extra dopamine, new neurological connections, better behavior, and higher test scores. Schools are turning to new programs to aid music education and there are many reasons to support their de cision. Music has been proven over many studies to show a connection toRead MoreMusic Education and the Benefits Essay examples1700 Words   |  7 Pages Most understand that music is a useful tool for relaxation and leisure time. Fewer know that learning a musical instrument, or even listening to music for long periods of time, can have a positive impact on one’s academic abilities. Numerous researchers and college professors have looked into this correlation and again and again have produced data that confirms this common theory. Studying music can not only improve academic skills, but sharpen motor skills, memory, and create a well rounded, enrichedRead MoreMathematics and Music: The Collision of Science and Art Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pages The concept of the Renaissance man is somewhat of a lost ideal, replaced by the specialized philosophy of the industrial era. From the 14th to 17th centuries; however, it would be common to find a man with a profound knowledge of both the A rts, music, poetry, literature, art, and the Sciences, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology. The Renaissance man embraced all forms of knowledge, and through a deep passion for both the Arts and Sciences, used each discipline to expand the other. Unfortunately

Gender Equity in Math and Science Essay - 2572 Words

Gender Equity in Math and Science From the research I have read while there is a disagreement on when and how much of a gender gap exists in math and science, there is definitely an equity issue that needs addressing. There seems to be an abundance of information about equity issues and as a future teacher I feel that it is important to examine these issues. If gender equity issues exist in todays’ classrooms why do they and what can be done to help correct it. Everything Ive read so far states that a gender gap exists in science, while opinions about math vary. I found a paper on the Internet from the National Center for Education Statistics called â€Å"Trends In Educational Equity of Girls Women.† Using information†¦show more content†¦However, the National Center for Education Statistics (2000) reports that females are now doing as well or better than males in school and college and the gender gaps that have existed in most cases have been eliminated. From looking at the graphs p resented in the NCES report if there is a differences in males and females scores the difference was very slight. This leads me to question how big a gender gap actually exists. The NCES report (2000) on science is a little different. It reports that between 1973 and 1994 nine to thirteen year old females were more likely to score lower than males and that seventeen year old females always scored lower. In the early grades girls and boys are equally as interested in science and math as boys and their achievement is comparable, it is in middle school when girls begin to fall behind (M. Sadker, D. Sadker, and Stulberg, 1999). In every article I read there is agreement that there is a gender gap in science and I am convinced that one exists. Why do these gender gaps exist? Researchers believe that cultural and social factors, as well as educational, and attitudinal factors contribute to this gap. Cultural beliefs that boys excel in math and science and that girls excel in the arts can be passed down through generations and adults who may not even realize it are acting on these beliefs (Sanders, 1997). â€Å"Subtle and unintended messages can create the idea among girls and boys that there are fieldsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gender Equity in Education1632 Words   |  7 PagesGender Equity in Education Gender equity issues in mathematics and science have been the focus of many educators and researchers for years. Women have often been denied an equal education in math and science for many reasons. Parents and teachers must realize this fact and change their habits wherever necessary. Girls must be given the same opportunity as boys from the beginning, particularly in math and science where girls tend to lag behind. First of all, the term gender equityRead More Reflective Research Paper1619 Words   |  7 Pages Gender biases are a problem in many schools and gender equity has been used to help remove those biases. Equity refers to having equal expectations and treating students of different sexes and cultural backgrounds equally. Gender biases have been a problem in education for years. In the past boys and girls have had different expectations when it comes to education. Boys have generally been taught to take leadership roles and girls to take more passive roles. In recent years gender equityRead More Reflective Research Paper1164 Words   |  5 Pagesreflective research paper to objective # 1 because it made me examine my personal belief and attitude on gender equity issues. I did not realize that gender equity existed at the level that it does until researching the topic. Doing the research made me realize that the way we teach directly affects how children learn in every aspect. Gender inequities in the fields of math and science are well researched and the results are shocking. Women compromise 45% of the work force, they hold jobsRead More Gender Equity Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesGender Equity Are male students and female student’s receiving the same opportunities when it comes to Math and Science in the schools? I don’t believe they are. This is why gender equity is a major problem facing our schools today. Many girls are having very negative attitudes towards Math and Science. Through doing research on this topic I found out why. In the article How Research Helps Address Gender Equity, a very shocking and eye opening thing was written. I learnedRead MoreEssay about Encouraging Girls in Math and Science1599 Words   |  7 PagesEncouraging Girls in Math and Science An ideal classroom in an elementary school would allow both boys and girls to learn fairly, equally, and also be encouraged to be involved in the classroom. The teacher would expect the same effort from the boys as well as the girls. The teacher would implement a respectful atmosphere where the teacher as well as the students would respect one another. The reality is that girls quickly become discouraged to pursue math and/or science related careersRead MoreEssay on Gender Bias in the Classroom1589 Words   |  7 PagesGender Bias in the Classroom RESEARCH IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND THEORIES OF LEARNING Gender inequity is not only learned and accepted in the socialization process that starts at home, but is also present in the school environment form the very early years. Parents and teachers consciously or unconsciously reinforce sex stereotypes. In 1992 Olivares and Rosenthals research findings examined three areas: Read MoreThe Issues Within Public Education Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagesunequal gender bias. Gender bias in education is typically thought of the fact that girls are pushed toward classes that are humanities based, while the boys are pushed to take classes that are science and math driven. This then leads into the fact that women make less money than men, so something must be unequal, whether it is education or gender rights, or both. This paper will examine the gender gap in K-12 education, which includes stereotyping and the unequal representation of boys in math and scienceRead More Equity in the Classroom Essay821 Words   |  4 PagesEquity in the Classroom The concerns regarding equity issues in math and science may seem minimal, but in reality are very large. Usually unintentionally, teachers pay more attention, and give more positive attention to boys in their classrooms. This is especially noticed in the areas of math and science. â€Å"Girls are equal to or ahead of boys in achievement† (Sadker, 1993, p. 67) in the early stages of schooling. So why do boys seem to do so much better in math and science in the later schoolRead MoreEssay about Gender Equity in Education3139 Words   |  13 Pages Gender equity in terms of education is about the socialization of men and women and the results of this process on the life outcomes of the two genders (Husen Postlethwaite, 1994). In the United States, the education system is required to treat males and females equally. There has been much research done to compare the genders in all areas. In the past, research has found that women fall far behind men in many areas such as math, and science, but men lag behind women in certain areas as wellRead MoreEffectiveness Of Experiential Learning Using The Workshop Activity For Gender Equity Simulation1008 Words   |  5 PagesActivity for Gender Equity Simulation – Academic version (WAGES-Academic) to deliver gender inequity information† (Zawadzki, Danube, Shields, 2012, P.605). Researchers formed a quantitative study by comparing the â€Å"WAGES-Academic to an Information Only condition (knowledge without experiential learning) and a Group Activity control condition† (Zawadzki et al., 2012, P.605). For the methods of the research, â€Å"at baseline, 1249 undergraduates from the pool (705 women, 529 men, 15 gender unspecified)

Public Relations and Organizational Listening

Question: Discuss about the Public Relations and Organizational Listening. Answer: Introduction This essay will focus on two major elements prevailing in any business or in any organization i.e. public relations and organizational listening. From the aspect of renowned theorist Grunig, the essay will highlight the two way symmetric mode, role of social media and ethical public relations. Later on the essay will emphasize on the importance of organizational culture in present scenario. From the view point of famous theorist Macnamara, the essay will try to make understand notions like stakeholders voice, role of social media and significance of organizational listening. Public Relations A renowned theorist, James E. Grunig, developed 4 models of PR which includes two-way symmetrical, two-way asymmetrical, public information and press agentry. These models were introduced by Grunig for understanding and explaining the conduct of practitioners of public relations (Grunig and Hunt, 198). The people of public relations had researched and pay attention to publics for determining that in what best possible way to change their conduct so that the organization get maximum benefit out of it. It serves the function of the organization which efforts to balance the publics interests with the interest of the organization. These models, particularly the two-way symmetrical model comprises of debated elements of Excellence theory which includes tactics, ethical, symmetrical, strategic and managerial values in decision making (Grunig, 1992). According to Grunig, the two-way communication can be use by the professionals of public relations with influence of social media to inform publics and organizations as the focus of the two-way symmetrical model is on mutual understanding, reciprocity and community exchange (Grunig, 1983). The two-way symmetrical model tries to morally stable the interest of the institution and its publics. Two-way communication and research is used for managing the conflicts and as an outcome, the two-way symmetrical model produces associations for a much longer period in comparison with the other three models. For creating support and building associations there is an extensive need of transparency and trust. The ethical characteristics of public relations are significant in relation with the organizations credibility. The two-way symmetric model of Grunig highlights the importance of social media on the dialogue communication. Social media as well as ethical public relations exchanges information that supports the notion that maintaining ethical public relations guarantees the success of an organization. Grunig suggest that symmetric communication is a way to inspire the organizations to implement ethics and finest practice within the public relations. The ethical public relations practice encourages people to give their consent on the way organization think and just consider feedback in relation with the strategies of communication. The ethical practice will consequently result in improved reliability, social responsibility and building of community between the stakeholders (Grunig, 1993). Grunig has mentioned various benefits of two-way communication in the public relation practice or of the linkages with publics such as it helps in facilitating the decision making of the organization in a symmetric and balanced way. There is a notion of symmetry by Grunig that organizations are able to accomplish more number of their long term objectives and goals if they integrate some of their goals with the wants of publics, it means that the management involves in a continuous association of give and take with the public. It has been stated by Grunig that the two-way symmetrical model of communication is intrinsically ethical. He further explains that symmetric communication avoids the issues related to ethical relativism as it describes ethics as a course of public relation instead of a result (Grunig, 2001). In reference with GTA, there is a well recognized case of Star City, the PR Company and Astral, a dining restaurant. As a sound PR initiative, Star City launched a campaign to make Astral one of the finest and superior dining restaurant of Sydney. The outcomes of the PR campaign were augmented visitation, rave reviews and extensive publicity. At the AHA Awards for Excellence, the head Chef of Astral was facilitated with the title 2006 Chef of the Year. In the campaign the views of public were taken into consideration that what they want Astral should be, the restaurants critics were approached to have the best ideas. Existing customers were focused, media was involved to communicate in a wider group, a re-launch event was organized, dinners with key media persons to introduce them to the new look of Astral, organized a staff event and other various activities to attract customers. This is how Astral achieve huge success and recognition by adopting two-way communication by involving v iews and feedbacks of public, staff and social media. (GTA Astral, 2006). What about the notion of organisational listening (Macnamara, 2013; 2014) that questions ability and willingness of organisations to embed stakeholder views with organisational practices? Organisational listening questions the extent organisations use information/feedback gathered from their stakeholders, in this case, the social media. Organizational Listening Organizational listening can be understood as an arrangement or mixture of the listening skills of the workforce and the surrounding in which listening takes place, which is formed by an organization and later on it is considered as one of the feature of the image of an organization. Organizational listening includes various things which are incorporated by the organization such as practices, technologies, skills, resources, processes, structure, policies and the culture (Macnamara, 2014).These are implemented for giving response, consideration, understanding, interpretation, attention, acknowledgement and recognition to public and the stakeholders. It is of great significance in the modern and developed societies, mainly in the democratic societies where stake seekers, stakeholders, shareholders, members, employees, customers and citizens have to transact with private and public sector organization on a daily basis (Cooper and Husband, 1993). Organizational listening subjects the wi llingness and ability of the organizations to consider and implant the stakeholder opinions within the practices of organization as the disarticulation of the stakeholders and publics voice is a general issue which majorly arises at various segments. There are number of reasons which causes this disarticulation such as a culture where some individuals are not accepted or acknowledged as encompassing a voice which must be listened to, fear or threat of presenting negative viewpoints or criticism towards the higher authorities among the staff of the organization and dismissal and ignorance by the senior managers (Macnamara, 2014). Organizational listening must mold the organizational practices in such a manner that there develops a culture of organizational listening. There are few vital requirements which are necessary to get fulfilled such as there should be development of research methodologies for measuring the listening capacity of an organization and these metrics must be incorporated and applied both the time i.e. before pursuing the strategy and after pursuing the strategy and throughout any major act (Stein, 1994). Secondly there must be identification and activation of channels for facilitating organizational listening. The stakeholders groups which are affecting by the implementation of the organizational strategy must be identified both in present scenario and in upcoming future. The expectations and the requirements of the stakeholders groups must be recognized and must be in consideration while planning the organizational strategy and before incorporating any act. If in any case, the expectations of the stakeholders are not met, then the organization must provide the stakeholders with sound and reliable reasons for that. There must be provided a conformity or proof to the stakeholders that whatever actions taken by the organization are in lieu of the strategy to be implemented and there must be a time to time evaluation of the efficacy and success of organizational listening (Macnamara, 2013). In most of the functions which are held within organization and are communication oriented, at that place social media is viewed with and taken as great enthusiasm as it is appeared to be quickly closing in on consumer associations as the primary and key form of interaction between the public and the organization. It is also making it tough for the formal research as now it is considered as the primary means of having intelligence, insights and feedbacks. Indeed, in present time individuals regards social media as the free as well as real time research. The organizations does not emphasis much on the feedbacks provided by the social media and the stake holders, the notion of organizational listening questions this conduct of the organizations as in todays time, the feedbacks or information given by the social media is of much importance as they can alter the image of an organization by its high connectivity the public as well as with the stakeholders. Social media has given outcomes by changing the expectations associated with response time, which was producing high pressure over the systems and the resources in number of organizations (Macnamara, 2014). There are various benefits which are associated with efficient ethical listening such as the improved and augmented trust in the government, it leads to political stability, upsurge participation and involvement in civil society and politics and as a result it leads to increased impartial representation, effective making of policies as well as decrease number of crisis because of the identification of early warnings and insights. Effective listening can provide sustainability to the business in various ways such as winning strategy by implementing emergent strategy which is an outcome of having an interaction with the environment of the organization and the stakeholders instead of top down the strategy which is internally developed. It also assists in increasing employee loyalty, motivation and engagement and thus builds a social business or social organization. An improved and effective organizational listening also contributes in avoidance of crisis, reduced disputation, increased productivity, decreased staff turnover and customer retention (Macnamara, 2014). In reference with GTA, there is a well recognized case of Text100, the PR Company and Cisco. As a sound PR initiative, Text100 integrated a five-week time frame as per which there should be creation of a buzz, excitement and awareness in Australia regarding the product of Cisco. The main focus of the campaign was on youth who love entertainment, sport and music. Razor was chosen as the digital partner for Ciscos flip video. There were various elements of the campaign such as a press release programme was launched by which all the announcements related to PR were directly communicated to the stakeholder of Cisco through press release, a social media programme by which strong brand awareness mouth publicity was taken place and many other various programs took place in that five week time frame. As a result of such effective PR initiatives, Cisco was able to create a buzz for its product and was able to capture the market efficiently (GTA CISCO, 2010). Conclusion In present scenario, the need of effective and sound PR is as similar as the need for resources to start any business. The public relations practice is required to be ethical so that no issues can be developed regarding that. The involvement of social media in both organizational listening and public relations is high as they are one of the strongest channel for communicating the views and opinions. The involvement of public and to take care of the stakeholders interest is also necessary so that they can give their consent towards any organizational change or strategy. Founded in 1976, GTA have acknowledged brilliance in public relations for last 40 years. Golden Target Awards rejoice the accomplishments of the associates of PRIA i.e. Public Relations Institute of Australia and recognize exciting and innovative communications programs and public relations. Golden Target Awards facilitate the organizations who have put huge efforts in maintain considerable and better public relations with the public as the organization working on ethical grounds and maintain public relations are recognized by the GTA as well as awarded for their ethical approach towards public relations (PRIA, 2016). Golden Target Awards recognize and acknowledge the organization for their efforts to maintain a healthy relation with the investors and also community relations. In this essay two examples in reference with GTA which shows that how effectively GTA recognize the efforts of PR companies such as Star City and Text100 as how effectively they have managed the campaigns and achieved huge recognitions. References: Cooper, L.O. and Husband, R.L., 1993. Developing a model of organizational listening competency.International Listening Association. Journal,7(1), pp.6-34. Grunig, J.E. 2001, Two-way symmetrical public relations: past, present, and future in R.L. Heath (ed.), Handbook of Public Relations, Sage Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks, London New Delhi, pp. 11-30. Grunig, J.E. and Hunt, T., 1984.Managing public relations(Vol. 343). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Grunig, J.E., 1983. Organizations, Environments, and Models of Public Relations. Grunig, J.E., 1992.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Grunig, J.E., 1993. Public relations and international affairs: Effects, ethics and responsibility.Journal of International Affairs, pp.137-162. GTA Astral, 2006. Austral is Reborn" - Relaunch of Austral Restaurant, Accessed on: 23rd August 2016, Accessed from: https://www.lib.uts.edu.au.ezproxy.lib.uts.edu.au/gta/14064/austral-reborn-relaunch-austral-restaurant GTA CISCO, 2010. Building Buzz at High Speed, Accessed on: 23rd August 2016, Accessed from: https://www.lib.uts.edu.au.ezproxy.lib.uts.edu.au/gta/14596/building-buzz-high-speed Macnamara, J. 2014, Organizational listening: A vital missing element in public communication and the public sphere, Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, vol.15, no.1. Macnamara, J., 2013. Beyond voice: audience-making and the work and architecture of listening as new media literacies.Continuum,27(1), pp.160-175. PRIA, 2016. Celebrating 40 Years of Recognising Excellence in Public Relations, Accessed on: 23rd August 2016, Accessed from: https://www.pria.com.au/eventsawards/golden-target-awards Stein, H.F., 1994.Listening deeply: An approach to understanding and consulting in organizational culture. Westview Press.